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    Spinal Fusion Post-Surgery: What to Expect

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    In the lead-up to spinal fusion surgery, you may be picturing what the next few months of your months will look like. As your body heals from the procedure, your ability to move around, drive, and even prepare meals will be temporarily hindered. But, by understanding what to expect after spinal fusion, you can go into the surgery with greater confidence and, hopefully, less anxiety. 

    With your surgeon’s guidance, you’ll need to prepare for post-surgery by arranging help around the house, taking time off work, and making your home more accessible. Keep reading for more information about spinal fusion post-surgery and what to expect. 

    What Is the Aftercare for Spinal Fusion?

    The aftercare for spinal fusion involves rest, activity limitations, pain medications, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, back bracing. 

    Rest After Spinal Fusion

    After spinal fusion surgery, you’ll rest in the hospital for a few days before you’re cleared to return home. Then, you’ll need to rest with limited physical activity for four to six weeks before returning to basic activities. 

    While rest is a central component of spinal fusion aftercare, it’s important to avoid prolonged bed rest. Being completely sedentary after fusion surgery can reduce blood flow to the spine, increase scar tissue formation, and even contribute to tissue atrophy. So, avoid long periods of bed rest (while heeding your surgeon’s activity restrictions) and implement exercises provided by your physical therapist. 

    Activity Limitations After Spinal Fusion

    You’ll need to avoid certain movements and activities after undergoing spinal fusion surgery, namely:

    • Lifting objects heavier than five pounds
    • Prolonged periods of standing and sitting
    • Significant bending and twisting – if you have to bend to complete basic tasks, like getting dressed, keep your spine in a neutral position. A physical or occupational therapist will tell you how to perform essential movements during your post-operative hospital stay. 
    • Strenuous physical activity, including jogging, running, jumping jacks, and weightlifting
    • Driving (for two to four weeks after the procedure)

    Attend all of your scheduled post-op appointments with your surgeon to check when you can safely return to these activities. 

    Pain Medications After Spinal Fusion

    Aftercare for spinal fusion includes prescription medications to manage your pain. Your surgeon will prescribe the right medication and dosage for your needs, as well as advise you on how long to take them. Common medications prescribed after spinal fusion include:

    • Narcotic pain medications, like Vicodin and Percocet, may be used in the very early stages of recovery for some patients. These medications pose a significant risk of addiction and require close monitoring from a doctor. 
    • Neuropathic pain medications, like Lyrica and Cymbalta, can help manage nerve and muscle pain. They may be recommended right before and after spinal fusion to reduce the narcotic dosage required for pain management. 
    • Muscle relaxants, like cyclobenzaprine, can help calm muscle spasms and enhance mobility after spinal fusion. Muscle relaxants can interact with various medications, including opioids and benzodiazepines, and must be prescribed with care. 

    Over-the-counter pain medications, like acetaminophen, can also help with pain management after spinal fusion. OTC drugs generally have fewer risks than prescription medications, making them a preferable option for some individuals. 

    With any of the pain medications listed above, it’s crucial to avoid alcohol to prevent side effects and complications. Additionally, if you experience adverse effects while taking medication after spinal fusion, contact your doctor immediately. You may need a different dose, or a different medication entirely. 

    Lifestyle Changes After Spinal Fusion

    As part of your aftercare instructions, your spinal surgeon will also recommend certain lifestyle changes to support the body’s healing process. Examples include:

    • Refraining from smoking (before and after spinal surgery), as nicotine deters blood flow and tissue healing
    • Getting help for housework (like cooking, cleaning, and laundry) for the first few days or weeks after spinal fusion 
    • Eating a nutritious diet with lean protein, complex carbohydrates, and nutritious fruits and veggies to support bone fusion

    Back Bracing After Spinal Fusion

    Wearing a back brace can help keep your spine in a neutral position after spinal fusion, preventing overextension. However, research surrounding post-operative bracing after spinal surgery suggests that it’s not beneficial in all scenarios. Your surgeon will evaluate if it’s the right option for you. 

    How Long Does It Take To Feel Normal After Spinal Fusion Surgery?

    After spinal fusion, it may take you six to 12 months to feel fully normal again. This is because fusion is an invasive procedure that affects the muscles surrounding the spine, and the bone healing process is a lengthy one.

    That said, you’ll be able to return to many of your regular activities sooner than six months. After four to six weeks, you’ll likely be cleared to perform light housework and return to a sedentary job. If your job requires light physical activity, it can take three to six months to get back to work. Patients with professions that require heavy labor often must transition to less physical jobs after spinal fusion. 

    Can You Have a Normal Life After Spinal Fusion?

    Yes, you can have a normal life after spinal fusion, so long as you follow your surgeon’s aftercare instructions and have the required support to make a full recovery.

    While you may not get to return to certain intense physical activities after spinal fusion, like heavy weightlifting, contact sports, skiing, and gymnastics, you can live a generally normal life. You can return to work, perform most tasks around the house, and engage in low-impact exercise, like walking, hiking, and swimming. 

    Regain your mobility with Premia Spine! Contact us now

    What Can You Never Do Again After Spinal Fusion?

    You can never do activities that require intense or repetitive spinal bending and twisting after spinal fusion, including gymnastics, certain yoga poses, and physical labor. You’ll also need to avoid heavy weightlifting and activities that pose the risk of a traumatic spinal injury, like skiing, contact sports, and extreme sports. 

    Permanent restrictions after spinal fusion vary depending on the patient’s age, the number of fused segments, and the severity of the spinal disease. However, the procedure will eliminate your ability to bend and twist at the fused spinal segment. If your surgeon fuses multiple vertebrae, your mobility will be more limited than patients who undergo single-level fusions. 

    To retain your spinal mobility and avoid long-term activity restrictions, you can consider fusion alternatives, like the TOPS System. With an FDA claim to superiority to lumbar fusion, TOPS is a mechanical implant device that replaces the tissues removed during spinal decompression. It moves in all directions, restoring spinal movement while alleviating pain and neurological symptoms. 

    What Happens if You Accidentally Bend After Spinal Fusion?

    If you accidentally bend after spinal fusion (before your surgeon has cleared you to do so), you may compromise the tissue healing process at the fusion site. This can prolong the recovery process while triggering pain. 

    Bending after spinal fusion also places excessive stress on the fusion site. This can increase your risk of postoperative complications, like instability and even hardware failure. 

    For a successful post-operative phase following spinal fusion, prepare properly before the procedure and follow all of your care team’s guidance. You can also consider less invasive alternatives to fusion, like the TOPS System, for a quicker recovery from spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis.    

    Scar Tissue and Chronic Pain After Spinal Fusion Surgery

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    If you’ve decided to undergo spinal fusion for back pain, you’re looking forward to pain relief and improved mobility. Unfortunately, this isn’t a reality for patients who develop chronic pain from scar tissue. 

    Scar tissue is your body’s normal response to tissue damage. It helps your body close wounds and recover. But, when it develops in excess or too close to a nerve, it can trigger ongoing pain and compromise the benefits you expect to gain from spinal surgery.

    Read on to learn more about scar tissue and chronic pain after spinal fusion surgery

    What is Scar Tissue?

    Scar tissue is a type of tissue consisting of collagen fibers and other cells that the body produces in response to tissue damage. Cuts, burns, infections, surgeries, and tissue inflammation can all stimulate scar tissue development.

    While scar tissue is a natural, healthy bodily process that can help you heal, it can have long-term complications. It doesn’t function as normal, healthy tissue; it’s tough and fibrous. Scar tissue’s lack of elasticity can compromise your mobility, trigger stiffness, and even reduce blood flow to the area.  

    Can Scar Tissue After Back Surgery Cause Pain?

    Scar tissue after back surgery can cause pain if it presses on nearby nerve roots or compromises your mobility.

    Clinical research shows that excessive scar tissue after spinal surgery can protrude into the spinal canal and press on nerve roots. When scar tissue develops excessively near a nerve root, it’s known as epidural fibrosis. 

    Symptoms of epidural fibrosis include: 

    • Moderate to severe back pain that slowly worsens after spinal surgery
    • Pain that radiates into the lower extremities
    • Burning pain that doesn’t improve by changing positions
    • Recurrent back and leg pain

    Patients who undergo more complex back surgeries are at a higher risk of developing epidural fibrosis

    Regain your mobility with Premia Spine! Contact us now

    What Causes Overproduction of Scar Tissue?

    Certain factors can increase your risk of scar tissue overproduction after back surgery, including:

    • Age: Younger patients often develop more scar tissue than older patients because their bodies have a more robust response to tissue damage. 
    • Poor wound care: After surgery, it’s important to properly care for the wound by keeping it clean and moist. Change the dressing as needed, and keep the wound away from direct sunlight. 
    • Chronic inflammation: The more inflamed the damaged tissue is, the more scar tissue is likely to develop. 
    • Genetics: Certain genetic factors can lead to scar tissue overproduction, like having family members with keloids.  
    • Underlying medical conditions: Hypertension, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions can cause excessive scar tissue production. 
    • Smoking: Nicotine constricts blood vessels, reducing blood flow throughout the body. This can delay wound healing and compromise cell function, causing worsened scar tissue production. 

    Can Scar Tissue Cause Nerve Pain?

    Yes, scar tissue can cause nerve pain when it develops on or near a nerve. 

    When scar tissue neighbors or surrounds a nerve, it can press on it, causing inflammation, pain, tingling, weakness, and numbness. Scar tissue can also diminish blood flow to the nerve tissue, inhibiting the healing process. 

    In some cases, when scar tissue develops near a nerve, it leads to a tethered spinal cord. With this condition, the spinal cord attaches to the tissue around the spine, which constricts its movement. This may cause the spinal cord to stretch beyond its normal range, causing damage and pain. 

    What Does Pain from Scar Tissue Feel Like?

    Pain from scar tissue can feel different from person to person, but common descriptors include:

    • Achiness
    • Burning or stabbing pain
    • Sharp pain
    • Tingling
    • Throbbing 
    • Tightness 
    • Itchiness
    • Stiffness and poor mobility

    Scar tissue pain can range from mild to severe. In some people, it goes away gradually with postoperative physical therapy. In others, it becomes a chronic, debilitating issue. To prevent chronic pain from scar tissue after spinal fusion, it’s important to attend all of your recommended PT appointments and remain mobile, without extended periods of bed rest. 

    How to Break up Internal Scar Tissue?

    To break up internal scar tissue, you can try manual therapies including deep tissue massage, cross-friction massage, manual stretch therapy, cupping, dry needling, and myofascial release, as well as targeted exercises for joint mobility. 

    These manual therapies are available from physical therapists and can help break up scar tissue after back surgery:

    • Deep tissue massage is a massage technique that hones in on the deeper muscle and connective tissue with firm pressure. The intensive pressure used in deep tissue massage can help break up the collagen fibers and adhesions that contribute to pain from scar tissue. 
    • Cross-friction massage is also referred to as transverse friction or deep friction massage. To perform it, your PT will apply pressure to the targeted area in motions that are perpendicular to the muscle fibers. This approach helps disband scar tissue fibers, making the area more flexible and mobile. 
    • Manual stretch therapy involves various targeted manual techniques intended to improve mobility and reduce muscle tension.
    • Cupping is an ancient therapeutic technique that involves placing specialized cups on the skin, creating suction that pulls the tissue upward. The cup is left on the skin for a few minutes. This technique is thought to help break up scar tissue by separating the fascial layers and improving scar mobility. It also boosts blood flow to the area, which promotes healing and prevents more scar tissue from forming. 
    • Dry needling is a technique that involves inserting thin needles into trigger points in the tissue, stimulating an involuntary spasm. Superficial dry needling involves inserting the needle into the subcutaneous tissue instead of the muscle, which is thought to help with scar tissue by reducing tension and improving blood flow. 
    • Myofascial release is a type of massage that targets pain and tension in the myofascial tissue, a thin connective tissue surrounding the body’s muscles, bones, nerves, organs, and blood vessels. Myofascial release can help break up scar tissue and adhesions, reducing pain and enhancing mobility. 

    How is Pain from Scar Tissue Treated?

    Pain from scar tissue may be treated with manual therapy, compression techniques, and, in severe cases, revision surgery. 

    After spinal fusion and other types of back surgery, your physician may suggest compression to address scar tissue. Compressing the affected area helps reduce inflammation and pain. In combination with the manual therapies discussed above, this technique may help you avoid revision surgery for scar tissue. 

    The more invasive the procedure, the more likely you are to develop significant scar tissue. Spinal fusion alternatives like the TOPS System help prevent complications while preserving your spinal mobility. Talk to a doctor in your area today to learn more! 

    L4-L5 Fusion: Success Rate and Recovery

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    Spinal fusion is a longstanding procedure that stabilizes the spine and helps alleviate symptoms of various spinal conditions. Though it may be done on virtually any part of the spine, fusion is commonly done on the L4-L5 segment of the lumbar spine. 

    This article will explore the success rate, recovery process, and available alternatives for L4-L5 fusion. 

    Table of Contents

    What is L4-L5 Fusion Surgery?

    L4-L5 fusion involves fusing the L4 and L5 vertebrae in the lumbar spine. It’s commonly performed to treat lumbar spine conditions including spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, disc degeneration, vertebral fractures, and herniated disc. 

    The spine consists of four sections: the cervical spine (the neck), the thoracic spine (the mid-back), the lumbar spine (the lower back), and the sacral spine (directly above the tailbone). Each of the vertebrae of the spine has been assigned a letter and a number according to these sections. The lumbar spine includes the L1 through the L5 vertebrae. 

    Spinal fusions are most commonly performed on the lumbar spine. Over 300,000 lumbar spine procedures are estimated to be performed in the United States each year. 

    L4 L5 Fusion Surgery Overview

    An L4-L5 fusion surgery overview involves the following steps:

    1. Make the incision.
    2. Access the L4-L5 spinal level.
    3. Remove the damaged disc material.
    4. Prep the disc space.
    5. Position the bone graft.
    6. Insert hardware, if required. 
    7. Close the incision.

    The surgeon must make an incision to access the L4-L5 segment. The incision is made in the back, front, or side of the body, depending on the surgical approach. 

    • Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion requires an incision in the back. 
    • Anterior lumbar interbody fusion requires an incision in the abdomen. 
    • Extreme lateral interbody fusion requires an incision in the side of the body. 

    After making the incision, the surgeon may need to separate the back muscles (in transforaminal lumbar fusion) or move the peritoneum aside (in anterior lumbar and extreme lateral interbody fusion). The peritoneum is the sac that surrounds the organs in the abdomen. 

    With access to the L4-L5 level, the surgeon removes the damaged intervertebral disc. The empty disc space is then prepped and measured for the spacer, which contains bone graft material. 

    Once ready, the spacer is inserted into the disc space. If necessary, it may be secured into place with hardware, like plates, rods, and screws. This hardware offers additional stability as the bone graft heals. 

    With the bone graft anchored in place, it’s time to close the incision. The surgeon removes their instruments, returns the back muscles or peritoneum to their normal position, and uses sutures to close the incision. 

    After L4-L5 fusion, you’ll wake up in the hospital’s recovery area. Most patients remain in the hospital for at least 24 hours after the procedure before returning home. In the hospital, a physical or occupational therapist will help you complete basic movements and advise you on activities to avoid during the recovery process. 

    Spinal Fusion Recovery

    Spinal fusion recovery occurs in stages, from the early postoperative period to the final phases of healing. 

    • Recovering in the hospital

    You may need to remain in the hospital for up to four days after spinal fusion surgery. People who have an elevated risk of serious complications, like infections, may need to stay for even longer. While you’re in the hospital, your healthcare providers will continually check your pain levels, making sure the procedure was successful. You may also consult with a physical therapist to learn how to safely complete basic tasks, like standing, walking, and getting dressed. 

    • The first month

    Upon returning home from the hospital, you’ll begin the healing process. During this early period, it’s crucial to follow all of your aftercare instructions, from caring for the wound to keeping your spine stable. You may also be prescribed medications for pain medications. 

    During this time, you’ll have significant restrictions on your activities. You’ll be advised to avoid spinal bending and twisting, lifting any objects heavier than around eight pounds, and strenuous physical activity. You may also need to remain home from work for this entire period, if you have a physically active occupation. 

    • Five to nine weeks

    In this phase, you’ll rely on physical therapy appointments to build muscle strength, regain flexibility, and support the recovery process. During this period, the vertebrae are actively fusing. Your PT will tell you which forms of exercise are safe, such as walking and water aerobics. 

    After the first month of recovery from spinal fusion, you’ll gradually return to day-to-day chores and activities, including driving. However, you’ll need to keep steering clear of spinal bending, twisting, and heavy lifting. 

    • Three to six months

    During this period, you’ll continue to regain strength and flexibility. The range of activities and exercises you can participate in will expand. Continue following your surgeon’s and PT’s guidance to avoid any motions or activities that could harm your spine. 

    • Six months to one year

    After around six months, you’ll check in with your surgeon to ensure the vertebrae fused successfully. If everything looks good, you’ll be cleared to return to most of your normal activities, including non-extreme spinal twisting, bending, and lifting. 

    • One year and beyond

    About a year after spinal fusion, most patients feel fully recovered, with complete relief from their back pain. You may have some permanent mobility restrictions at the fused level. 

    How Long to Recover from L4-L5 Fusion?

    It takes between six months and one year to fully recover from L4-L5 fusion. You may need four to six weeks to return to basic activities around the house after the procedure, and one to two months to return to work. 

    If your job involves light physical activity, you may need to take three to six months off of work after L4-L5 fusion. Patients whose jobs require hard physical labor generally can’t return to those occupations after the procedure. 

    Fusion requires such a lengthy recovery process because it involves bone healing. Bone tissue takes longer to heal than soft tissue. 

    How to Wash Hair After Spinal Fusion Surgery on L4-L5?

    To wash your hair after L4-L5 spinal fusion, use a hand-held shower head. If you don’t have one, bend at the knees and waist to fit your head under the shower head. Make sure not to arch your back to wash your hair after fusion, as doing so may strain your spine. 

    Additionally, consider purchasing a long-handled shower brush before undergoing lumbar fusion. With this tool, you can wash all areas of your body without bending. Many fusion patients also benefit from using liquid soap after fusion to prevent having to pick up a fallen bar of soap. 

    After L4-L5 spinal fusion, basic tasks like washing your hair may be extremely difficult. To combat this, take the following steps to prepare your home before the surgery:

    • Move items in your kitchen and bathroom off of the high shelves so that you won’t have to strain to reach them. 
    • Stock your kitchen with nutritious ready-made meals so that you don’t have to worry about cooking while you recover. 
    • Do all of your laundry and set out comfortable clothes to wear during the early stages of your spinal fusion recovery. 

    What to Expect After L4-L5 Fusion?

    After L4-L5, you can expect to stay in the hospital for two to three days. Additionally, expect to experience stiffness and soreness in the lower back. Your doctor will likely prescribe pain medication to ease discomfort in the first few days or weeks after the procedure. 

    You’ll be advised to avoid lifting, bending, and twisting your spine for at least two weeks after L4-L5 fusion. Most patients are told to avoid lifting any objects heavier than five pounds for at least two weeks after spinal fusion. 

    As aforementioned, expect to take four to six weeks off of work after L4-L5 fusion (or longer, if your occupation requires physical exertion). 

    What is The Success Rate for L4-L5 Spinal Fusion?

    The estimated success rate of lumbar spinal fusion is 45 to 55%. This rate can vary depending on the condition that the procedure’s used to treat. 

    How Successful is Lumbar Fusion Surgery L4-L5?

    Lumbar fusion surgery at the L4-L5 spinal segment is considered a long-standing and widely successful procedure. However, the success of L4-L5 fusion depends on both the fusion of the vertebrae and the patient’s symptom improvement. Spinal fusions rarely provide a total cure for the patient’s back and leg pain. 

    Certain factors can reduce the chance of success in L4-L5 lumbar fusions. These factors include:

    • Smoking or using other nicotine products
    • Obesity
    • Osteoporosis
    • Some chronic conditions
    • Engaging in strenuous activities during the recovery process

    What Are The Risks of L4-L5 Spinal Fusion?

    The risks of L4-L5 spinal fusion include:

    • Failure of the bone to fuse
    • Hardware failure
    • Nerve injury
    • Adjacent segment disease
    • Lingering lower back pain
    • Need for reoperation

    These risks accompany the risks associated with all surgical procedures, including infection at the surgical site, thrombosis, and complications from anesthesia. 

    Pros and Cons of L4-L5 Fusion

    While evaluating treatment options for lumbar spine conditions, it’s essential to consider the pros and cons of L4-L5 fusion. 

    The pros of this procedure include:

    • Protection against instability

    Surgical spinal decompression involves decompressing impinged nerves by removing spinal tissues. Unfortunately, this process can destabilize the spine, allowing the spinal structures to move abnormally. This creates the risk of degeneration and injuries. 

    Fusion negates this risk by fusing the affected vertebrae, rendering them unable to move. This prevents abnormal movements and future injuries. 

    • Proper spinal alignment

    L4-L5 fusion can restore proper spinal alignment in people with spinal deformities, like severe scoliosis.

    • Protection against spinal deformities

    In fusing two or more vertebrae into a single, solid bone, spinal fusion prevents abnormal curvatures and deformities after decompression. Without fusion or another form of stabilization, patients are at risk of developing deformities, like a hunchback, after spinal surgery.   

    • Pain relief

    In some people, L4-L5 fusion can provide lasting relief from conditions like spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. The procedure prevents pain associated with instability after decompression.

    The cons of L4-L5 spinal fusion include:

    • Invasive procedure

    L4-L5 spinal fusion typically involves cutting through more muscle tissue to access the spine than decompression alone. Additionally, the surgeon may take a bone graft from another area of the patient’s body (like the pelvis) to complete the procedure. This process involves more incisions and increases the risk of complications compared to non-fusion procedures.  

    • Long recovery period and hospital stay

    The full recovery period for spinal fusion is six to 12 months. Most patients require four to six weeks off of work after the procedure, as well a three to four-day hospital stay. 

    • Risk of failed fusion

    The risk of failed spinal fusion is significant. With failed fusion syndrome, patients continue to experience pain after fusion and are unable to return to their normal activities. With pseudoarthrosis, the targeted vertebrae fail to fuse, often leading to recurrent pain. 

    • Reduced spinal mobility

    The spinal fusion process eradicates all motion at the fused vertebra. Especially if more than two vertebrae are fused, this can reduce the patient’s ability to bend, twist, and flex the spine. This may limit your ability to participate in certain activities after fusion surgery. 

    • Risk of spinal degeneration

    After fusion, the spinal levels above and below the fused segment will bear additional impact with day-to-day motions. This occurs because the mobile segments must compensate for the lack of motion at the fused segment. Unfortunately, this can lead to adjacent segment degeneration, meaning that the adjacent segments degenerate more rapidly than usual after fusion. 

    The Best Modern Alternative for L4-L5 Fusion

    The best modern alternative for L4-L5 fusion is an innovative non-fusion device, such as the TOPS System. The TOPS System is a mechanical device made to be implanted between the L2 and L5 segments. It’s most often used for lumbar stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, and joint arthrosis.  

    The TOPS System is the best modern alternative for L4-L5 fusion because it stabilizes the spine without eliminating the independent motion of the spinal segments. The device establishes a safe range of motion in the lumbar spine to preserve patients’ mobility. This is unlike spinal fusion, which eradicates the natural motion of the fused segments. 

    Regain your mobility with Premia Spine! Contact us now

    As an alternative to L4-L5 fusion, the TOPS System can also reduce the risk of adjacent segment disease (ASD). ASD is a potential complication of spinal fusion that occurs when the adjacent segments degenerate more rapidly due to the lack of movement in the fused segment. 

    In one study, TOPS was found to provide clinical improvement and radiologic stability in patients with spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis after seven years. Additionally, the TOPS System has earned approval and a superiority-to-fusion claim from the FDA for degenerative spondylolisthesis with lumbar spinal stenosis. 

    If you’re suffering from symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, or related conditions, modern treatment options are at your disposal. Contact a local spine specialist to learn more. 

    Laminectomy with Fusion

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    When spinal conditions don’t improve despite ongoing non-surgical treatment, surgery may be the logical next step. Laminectomy with fusion is one of the most prominent spinal decompression procedures for conditions like spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and herniated disc. 

    But, what exactly does laminectomy with fusion involve, and is it the right choice for you? Read on to learn more about this topic and how it may impact your spinal recovery. 

    Table of Contents

    What is Laminectomy with Fusion?

    Laminectomy is a form of spinal decompression that’s commonly done with fusion to stabilize the spine. During a laminectomy, the surgeon removes the smallest quantity of the lamina possible while effectively resolving the nerve compression. 

    The lamina is a piece of bone that forms part of the vertebral arch. It acts like a roof over the posterior side of the spinal canal. 

    Conventionally, spinal fusion is performed after a laminectomy (and most other forms of spinal decompression). During spinal fusion, the surgeon places an implant containing bone graft material between the vertebrae. Over time, this graft stimulates bone tissue fusion, creating a single vertebra. 

    Fusion after laminectomy effectively lowers the risk of injuries due to spinal instability. However, it also eliminates all motion at the fused segment, which may permanently limit the patient’s mobility.  

    How Successful Is a Laminectomy With Fusion?

    Laminectomy with fusion is widely considered a successful procedure for disorders like spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded that lumbar laminectomy with spinal fusion provided a slightly greater improvement in overall physical health when compared to laminectomy alone. This study included 66 patients with degenerative grade 1 spondylolisthesis. 

    However, laminectomy alone is considered safer than spinal fusion. According to Dr. Steven Atlas, an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, laminectomy provides 80% to 90% pain relief for spinal stenosis, without the risks associated with fusion.  

    What Is the Success Rate of a Laminectomy and Fusion?

    The success rate of a laminectomy and fusion is around 85% to 90% according to a study published in The New England Journal of Medicine. The remaining 10% to 15% of cases require reoperation. 

    Success rates of this procedure indicate the percentage of cases that result in successful spinal decompression and bone fusion, without the need for reoperation. This differs from the patient satisfaction rate, which is based solely on how happy the patient is with the procedure’s results. Patient satisfaction rates range from 53% to 90%, according to a study published in The Spine Journal.   

    What Affects The Success of Laminectomy with Fusion?

    Many factors can impact the success rate of a laminectomy and fusion, including:

    • The patient’s age: Older patients are at a higher risk of failed spinal surgery. With age, the body’s ability to regenerate cells and tissue declines, which can compromise the procedure’s results. 
    • Underlying medical conditions: Certain underlying medication conditions can increase the risk of failed fusion and surgical complications, including hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. 
    • Smoking and alcohol consumption: Smoking before and after laminectomy with fusion can hinder the procedure’s success. Nicotine restricts blood flow – a crucial aspect of the body’s healing process. This can reduce the flow of healing nutrients and oxygen to the surgical site, potentially compromising tissue healing and bone fusion. 
    • Being overweight or obese: Obesity increases the risk of blood clots, cardiovascular issues, and infection after any surgical procedure. It can also make it more difficult to get out of bed and walk around after surgery. Prolonged bed rest slows the recovery process for laminectomy with fusion. 
    • Previous spinal surgeries: If you’ve previously undergone spinal surgery, you likely have scar tissue in the area, which can make future spinal procedures more complicated. Research shows that repeat lumbar procedures are linked to worsened clinical outcomes. 

    Do You Need Fusion with Laminectomy?

    You may need fusion with laminectomy if a part of the spine is unstable after laminectomy. Spinal instability creates the risk of further injury.

    However, innovations in spinal medicine have produced alternatives to fusion for stability after decompressive laminectomy. We’ll discuss these innovations, including the TOPS System from Premia Spine, in a later section. 

    What Is the Recovery Time for a Lumbar Laminectomy With Fusion?

    The recovery time for a lumbar laminectomy with fusion can last between two months and a full year. Many factors can affect this recovery period, including the patient’s age and overall health, as well as the severity of the spinal condition. 

    Spinal fusion extends the recovery period after a lumbar laminectomy. This is because spinal fusion involves bone tissue recovery, which is a lengthy process. 

    Returning to Work After a Lumbar Laminectomy with Spinal Fusion

    Generally, healthy patients with non-strenuous jobs can expect to return to work following a lumbar laminectomy with spinal fusion after four to six weeks of rest. Older patients or those with strenuous jobs may need four to six months of recovery time before returning to work. 

    What Are The Risks of Laminectomy With Fusion?

    The risks of laminectomy with fusion include those associated with all surgical procedures, including bleeding, infection, blood clots, and complications from anesthesia. Since this surgery involves the spine, it also presents a low risk of injury to the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots.

    In permanently fusing two or more vertebrae of the spine, fusion creates the risk of a few other complications, including:

    • Pain at the graft site

    Some patients experience pain at the site of the bone graft. In 2.8% to 39% of patients, this pain has been reported to last for over three months. Graft site pain has been reported to last for up to two years in 15% to 39% of patients. 

    • Pseudoarthrosis

    Pseudoarthrosis refers to bone fusion failure. This complication is significantly higher in patients who smoke, as nicotine hinders the bone fusion process. Unfortunately, patients who experience pseudoarthrosis will likely require extra surgeries to reliably fuse the vertebrae. 

    • Adjacent segment disease

    Adjacent segment disease, or ASD, occurs when the spinal segments around the fused bone degenerate after fusion. The surrounding segments may undergo additional impact to compensate for the fused bone, leading to degeneration. Regrettably, ASD can lead to re-operation if it causes chronic back pain and neurological symptoms that don’t improve with non-invasive methods. 

    Can You Walk Normally After Laminectomy With Fusion?

    You can gradually walk normally after laminectomy with fusion, typically with the help of a physical therapist. Walking is actually highly beneficial after spinal surgery, as it’s a low-impact activity that promotes circulation and mobility.

    Typically, surgeons recommend that patients stand up and gently walk (with assistance) the day after laminectomy with fusion to prevent muscle stiffness and atrophy. For the first six weeks or so after the procedure, walking may be the sole physical activity that you can safely complete. Many physicians recommend working up to two 30-minute walks per day in this early recovery stage. 

    Non-Fusion Implants For Laminectomy

    Non-fusion implants provide a solution for laminectomy without fusion. This allows patients to avoid the downsides of spinal fusion while achieving relief from chronic back pain and neurological symptoms. According to a research article published in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, walking time in the first week after lumbar spine surgery is one of the factors that predicts notable improvement at six months post-op. 

    There are multiple non-fusion implants available to patients today, including artificial discs, expandable rods, and complete implant systems like the TOPS System. These devices (which are also referred to as motion preservation devices) generally fall under one of three categories: total disc replacement, posterior stabilization devices, and prosthetic nuclear implants. 

    How Premia Spine TOPS System Cures Spondylolisthesis and Spinal Stenosis Without Fusion

    The Premia Spine TOPS System cures spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis without fusion by establishing a controlled range of motion in the spine. It’s a mechanical implant device designed to be implanted in the L2 to L5 segments of the spine with a posterior surgical approach. 

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    The TOPS System facilitates motion in all directions, including axial rotation, lateral bending, extension, and flexion. Unlike fusion, it replaces the vertebral structures extracted in spinal decompression, such as the lamina removed during laminectomy. It also features a patented crossbar configuration, which imparts less stress on the screws than fusion implants. 

    After nerve compression in spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis patients is resolved during a laminectomy, the TOPS System can be placed to prevent instability. This technique effectively cures spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis without fusion, with the TOPS system providing an average improvement of 81% in a clinical study published in the Operative Neurosurgery journal. 

    Though the TOPS System has been used successfully for many years in Europe and other regions, it’s currently being tested in clinical trials across the United States. The device was awarded the FDA’s Breakthrough Device Designation in 2021, which will prioritize its process of obtaining FDA approval. 

    If you’re interested in the TOPS System as an alternative to laminectomy with fusion, find a doctor in your area to learn more about this treatment option.  

    Permanent Restrictions After Spinal Fusion

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    Spinal fusion is frequently performed for conditions like spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and spinal deformities. This surgical procedure effectively welds two or more vertebrae to create stability. 

    Though fusion has proven to be successful in many cases, it also presents numerous risks and downsides. In this article, we’ll hone in on the permanent restrictions that patients may be subject to after spinal fusion. 

    Table of Contents

    What To Expect After Spinal Fusion?

    Many patients wonder about the spinal fusion recovery process, especially at the six-month mark. Fusion involves bone healing, which leads to a notoriously lengthy recovery. Three months of rest is crucial after the surgery to allow the vertebrae to properly fuse. 

    However, three to six months after the procedure, patients can begin to introduce certain activities into their routines. Patients will likely experience a loss in muscle tone, strength, and flexibility during the resting period. These effects can be offset by gentle exercises to alleviate stiffness and gradually strengthen the muscles that support the spine. 

    Six months after spinal fusion, physicians typically still advise against high-impact exercise. However, if the vertebrae are successfully fused, patients can slowly start to return to a regular lifestyle. 

    Most patients fully recover from spinal fusion around eight to 12 months after the procedure. At this point, patients may be able to partake in all of their normal activities.

    However, spinal fusion patients will never regain the ability to bend, twist, or flex the fused segment. This is because spinal fusion eradicates all motion at the fused segment. 

    How Many Years Does a Spinal Fusion Last? 

    If a spinal fusion is successful, it permanently fuses the affected vertebrae. Ideally, the patient won’t require another procedure. 

    Unfortunately, in some cases, patients require revision surgery after spinal fusion. It’s difficult for researchers to determine the exact revision rate for adult spinal fusion surgeries. However, it’s estimated to range from 9% to 45%.

    Permanent Restrictions after Spinal Fusion

    The patient won’t be able to bend, twist, or flex the fused spinal segment.

    What Are the Common Issues After Spinal Fusion Procedure?

    Certain problems that can arise after spinal fusion must be resolved with revision surgery. These problems include:

    • Pseudoarthrosis

    Pseudoarthrosis is the medical term used when the bone graft fails to fuse the vertebrae after spinal fusion. This condition may cause lower back pain, but requires imaging tests for diagnosis. 

    • Recurrent back pain after the procedure

    Spinal fusion surgery doesn’t always eradicate lower back pain. Many people who experience recurrent back pain after fusion go through additional surgeries within five years of the initial procedure. 

    • Adjacent segment disease

    Adjacent segment disease, or ASD, is a prevalent complication after spinal fusion. It involves the degeneration of the spinal segments neighboring the fused vertebrae. This occurs because the adjacent segments must bear additional impact than usual to accommodate the lack of motion in the fused segment.

    ASD can cause new pain in the area of the back located above or below the fused segment. Eventually, patients may have trouble standing or walking for any length of time. 

    • Neurological symptoms like tingling, weakness, numbness, and radiating pain

    Whether due to pseudoarthrosis, ASD, or a related issue, neurological symptoms stemming from the lumbar spine can disrupt patients’ daily activities. 

    • Muscle atrophy

    Muscle atrophy can affect the back muscles in the area of spinal fusion. This issue commonly affects patients who experience continued pain after spinal fusion. Unfortunately, muscle atrophy can diminish support for the spine and may increase the risk of pseudoarthrosis.  

    Lost Mobility After Spinal Fusion

    In addition to the medical concerns listed above, spinal fusion can lead to lost mobility in the spine. This can greatly affect patients’ lifestyles by limiting their physical activities and even their ability to carry out basic tasks. In some multi-level fusion cases, patients lose the ability to bend over to retrieve objects from the floor after the surgery. 

    The L4 and L5 vertebrae, which are the lowest bones of the lumbar spine, often afford the most motion for the lower back. These vertebrae may be fused in patients suffering from conditions like advanced lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. After an L4-L5 fusion, patients may experience a significant loss of motion in the lower back. 

    When is Spinal Fusion a Necessity?

    Spinal fusion is necessary for people dealing with severe spinal weakness, instability, or curvatures who aren’t candidates for alternative treatments. 

    Severe Spinal Weakness and Instability

    As spinal fusion permanently fuses the affected vertebrae, it’s an effective way to address severe spinal weakness and instability. These problems may result from spinal infections, tumors, or decompression surgery. 

    Spinal infections can trigger spinal instability by weakening and damaging various spinal structures, including the discs and vertebrae. As the spinal discs become infected and inflamed, they start to break down. Additionally, if the infection spreads to the vertebrae, it can lead to fractures. 

    The significant damage that can result from a spinal infection can lead to chronic back pain, as the damaged tissue can press on spinal nerves. Sometimes, spinal fusion is the only available treatment to resolve this pain and instability. 

    Spinal tumors can also result in severe spinal instability. If the tumor develops on the vertebra (known as a vertebral tumor), it can gradually weaken the spinal bones. These weakened bones can fracture or fall out of alignment, making it difficult for the spine to support the body. 

    Instability from a vertebral tumor can trigger chronic back pain and neurological symptoms. Spinal fusion may be one of the only options to address this problem in certain patients. 

    Spinal Curvatures

    Severe spinal curvatures from scoliosis or kyphosis may require spinal fusion to restore spinal alignment. Fusion may also keep these curvatures from worsening over time. 

    Scoliosis is a sideways spinal curvature that most often affects kids and teens. The curve often creates a ‘C’ or ‘S’ curve. While an estimated six to nine million people in the U.S. have scoliosis, most cases are mild and can be treated without surgery. 

    Severe scoliosis is a spinal curve that’s larger than 40 degrees. Unfortunately, severe scoliosis has a high likelihood of progression, making prompt treatment essential. Spinal fusion is a common surgical treatment for severe scoliosis in teens, as it can prevent scoliosis complications and progression. 

    Kyphosis occurs when the upper back curves forward abnormally. This condition may be caused by various underlying conditions, including degenerative spinal diseases, osteoporotic compression fractures, and spondylolisthesis. Spinal fusion may be necessary for severe cases of kyphosis that cause chronic pain and interfere with the patient’s daily activities. 

    Spinal fusion may also be the primary treatment option for patients who undergo spinal decompression surgery and aren’t candidates for non-fusion implants. Fusion prevents instability after spinal decompression procedures.

    How To Avoid Spinal Fusion?

    Considering the complications and restrictions that are associated with spinal fusion, many patients seek out ways to avoid this procedure. In these cases, patients may either opt for non-surgical treatment options or surgical spinal fusion alternatives

    Non-Surgical Spinal Fusion Alternatives

    Patients suffering from chronic back pain and neurological symptoms from conditions like spinal stenosis and herniated disc often benefit from conservative treatment. In fact, spine specialists generally first recommend conservative treatment, only suggesting surgery if the non-surgical treatment route fails after several months. 

    Conservative treatments that may help patients avoid spinal fusion include:

    • Physical therapy
    • Lifestyle adjustments, such as losing weight, starting a low-impact exercise regimen, adopting an anti-inflammatory diet, and refraining from high-impact activities
    • Chiropractic care
    • Acupuncture and massage therapy

    These therapies can help reduce the impact on the spine, improve muscular support for the spine, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. Most physicians recommend a combination of non-surgical treatments for chronic back pain.

    Surgical Spinal Fusion Alternatives

    When spinal pain becomes debilitating and/or severely interferes with the patient’s daily activities, surgery may be unavoidable. But, with modern medical advancements, patients now have non-fusion surgical treatment options to consider. 

    Dynamic stabilization systems are among the most prominent of these options. The goal of this treatment is to stabilize the spine without inhibiting its motion, usually with a specially designed device. This device is generally placed in the affected segment after surgical spinal decompression. 

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    The TOPS System is one example of a dynamic stabilization system that’s used as an alternative to lumbar spinal fusion. It replaces the tissues removed in spinal decompression to prevent spinal stability while restoring the natural motion of the spine.  

    Patients who are concerned about permanent restrictions after spinal fusion should reach out to a spine specialist to learn more about the fusion alternatives available today. 

    Common Problems After Spinal Fusion

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    Spinal fusion is a common surgical procedure that’s done for conditions like spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. During the procedure, the surgeon places bone graft material between one or more vertebrae to gradually fuse them into a single bone. 

    Due to the nature of the procedure, spinal fusion involves certain restrictions, complications, and problems. Fusion permanently removes all motion at the fused vertebrae, which can alter how the rest of the spine bears weight. This, combined with possible surgical complications, can (understandably) leave patients with many questions. 

    In this article, we’ll explore common problems from spinal fusion to consider before undergoing the procedure. 

    Table of Contents

    What to Expect 6 Months After Spinal Fusion?

    Six months after spinal fusion, you can expect to start the final stages of the recovery process. Between six months and one-year post-op, patients can typically start returning to all of their normal activities, including some bending and twisting. During this stage, your spinal surgeon will likely be able to confirm that the vertebrae have successfully fused. 

    Keep in mind that even after the fused vertebrae have fully healed, patients must still adhere to certain restrictions. With all motion eliminated at the fused segment, patients can’t bend, twist, and flex as much as they used to.  

    Can Spinal Fusion Cause Problems Later in Life?

    Spinal fusion can cause problems later in life, namely hardware failure, adjacent segment disease (ASD), or spinal muscle injuries. All of these problems can lead to new or reoccurring back pain and neurological symptoms.  

    Hardware Failure After Spinal Fusion

    Hardware including rods, pedicle screws, cages, and spacers may be used for stability in lumbar spinal fusion. Though it’s designed for lifetime use, this hardware can wear out and break over time. 

    Symptoms of hardware failure are often similar to the symptoms that patients experience before spinal fusion: persistent back pain and/or weakness, tingling, and numbness. 

    Why Does My Back Still Hurt Years After Spinal Fusion?

    If your back still hurts years after spinal fusion, it’s likely due to increased stress and degeneration of the adjacent spinal segments. Known as adjacent segment disease, or ASD, this potential complication of spinal fusion occurs when the fused segments increase the strain on the surrounding segments. This can lead to back pain and neurological symptoms years after the fusion.   

    What Are The Signs of a Failed Fusion?

    The possible signs of a failed fusion include chronic back pain, reduced mobility, neuropathic pain, and radicular pain. With a failed fusion, the patient’s initial symptoms may return, or they may experience new problems. 

    • Chronic back pain

    Pain is considered chronic if it’s significant, continuous, and lasts for over 12 weeks. Failed spinal fusion typically causes chronic back pain that doesn’t improve, even after the expected recovery period.  

    • Reduced mobility

    One of the goals of spinal fusion is to improve mobility. Patients with a failed fusion may experience spinal mobility limitations that go beyond the normal restrictions associated with fusion. 

    • Neuropathic pain

    Neuropathic pain occurs when the nerves or spinal cord become damaged. It manifests as numbness, tingling, burning, and/or weakness that may move throughout the body. 

    • Radicular pain

    Radicular pain is a type of neuropathic pain that radiates from one part of the body to another. For example, the pain may radiate from the lower back down the buttocks and legs. 

    Can Spinal Fusion Cause Nerve Damage?

    Yes, spinal fusion can cause nerve damage. This is because spinal surgery involves navigating delicate nerve structures, including the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots. Additionally, inflammation in the tissues surrounding spinal nerves can cause nerve damage after fusion. 

    Although nerve damage is possible during spinal surgery, surgeons use many different techniques to prevent this complication. These techniques include:

    • Advanced imaging technology used to plan the surgery with 3D images of the patient
    • Microscopes used to light and magnify the operative field
    • Detailed intraoperative imaging and visualization that allows for precise instrument and implant positioning 

    What Are The Signs of Nerve Damage After Spinal Fusion?

    The signs of nerve damage after spinal fusion include tingling, numbness, burning, and weakness. If a nerve that supplies the pelvis becomes damaged, you may also experience sexual dysfunction. 

    Nerve damage is a serious problem that may require immediate medical attention. If you’re experiencing signs of nerve damage after spinal fusion, contact your doctor right away. 

    Can Spinal Fusion Cause Paralysis?

    Spinal fusion can cause paralysis, but it’s one of the rarest possible complications. It may result from one of the following problems during the procedure:

    • Extradural spinal hematoma, which involves bleeding within the spinal column
    • Incidental durotomy, which occurs when spinal fluid leaks
    • Accidental injury to the nerves when they’re repositioned during the operation
    • Accidental injury to the blood vessels that deliver blood to the spinal cord

    What Helps Nerve Pain in Legs After Back Surgery

    Pain medications, physical therapy, exercise, cold therapy, and spinal cord stimulation can help nerve pain in the legs after back surgery. 

    • Pain medications like NSAIDs and acetaminophen can alleviate pain in the legs while the nerves heal. Your surgeon may recommend these medications as part of your post-op plan. 
    • Physical therapy can support the nerve healing process and prevent further irritation to the affected nerves. Your PT may recommend dynamic lumbar stabilization exercises, which specifically target the muscles that support the spine. When these muscles are stronger, they can protect the spinal nerves from impact. 
    • Exercise supports the postoperative nerve healing process. While some bed rest after surgery is essential, prolonged periods of it should be avoided. Low-impact exercise can alleviate inflammation, improve muscle strength, and boost circulation to the healing nerves. 
    • Cold therapy is a simple way to reduce inflammation in the areas affected by post-operative nerve pain. You can use an ice pack at home, or consider more advanced cryotherapy methods from local providers. 
    • Spinal cord stimulation administers gentle electrical impulses to certain nerves in the spinal cord. This process may intercept pain signals before they’re delivered to the brain, providing pain relief. Spinal cord stimulation is widely used to treat failed back surgery syndrome

    What Causes Nerve Pain in the Legs After Back Surgery?

    Nerve pain in the legs is a common concern after lumbar decompression surgery. It can result from pre-existing nerve fiber damage. Sometimes, nerve damage or scarring occurs during the surgery, leading to postoperative leg pain. 

    It takes time for nerves to heal after back surgery. Small nerve fibers can take six weeks to heal, while large nerve fibers can take up to a year to fully heal. You may have nerve pain in the legs until these fibers recover completely. 

    The Best Alternative to Lumbar Spinal Fusion

    The best alternative to lumbar spinal fusion is an advanced non-fusion implant, like the TOPS System. Non-fusion implants work by stabilizing the affected vertebrae with a device. In the case of the TOPS System, the device moves with the spine to create a controlled range of motion. 

    The TOPS System works by replacing the spinal structures removed during spinal decompression. It’s anchored to the spine and includes a patented crossbar configuration, which exerts less impact on the screws than fusion implant devices. The device recreates motion in every direction, including flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending. 

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    In a study of the TOPS System for lumbar spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis, the visual analog scale (VAS) for back and leg pain lowered from 56.2 before the procedure to 12.5 at six weeks, 13.7 at one-year follow-up, 3.6 at two years follow-up, and 19 at seven years follow-up. These results showed that TOPS can continue to provide a clinical improvement over time. 

    Patients who are concerned about the complications from spinal fusion can speak with a specialist in their area to learn more about the available alternatives. 

    Steps For Faster And Easier Spinal Fusion Surgery Recovery

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    Spinal fusion is a relatively common surgical procedure used for spinal conditions and deformities. It’s widely used to prevent spinal instability after spinal decompression surgery, which may be used for spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, herniated disc, and related medical concerns. 

    Regrettably, spinal fusion surgery involves a lengthy recovery period that can last from six months to a year in total. With this in mind, many patients seek out ways to shorten their recovery and get back on their feet faster. 

    In this article, we’ll explore strategies for shortening your spinal fusion surgery recovery and maintaining lasting pain relief. 

    Table of Contents

    How To Get Prepared For Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery?

    Preparing for lumbar spinal fusion is the first (and arguably most important) step in shortening your spinal fusion recovery. Here are our best tips to ready yourself for the procedure:

    1. Talk to your doctor about every medication and supplement that you’re currently taking. This includes not only prescription drugs but also over-the-counter medications and even herbal supplements. Patients may be required to stop taking specific medications before fusion to ensure that the procedure and their recovery process go off without a hitch. 
    2. If you smoke, quit as soon as possible. Smoking is detrimental to the body’s healing process, increases the risk of complications, and diminishes the success rate of spinal fusion. You can consult your physician for resources to help you quit smoking, as well as your loved ones for support. 
    3. Optimize your diet. Consuming a nutrient-dense, fiber-rich diet before and after spinal fusion promotes healing and prevents constipation, which can be caused by prescription pain medications. Limit processed, high-fat, and high-sugar foods. 
    4. Prep your kitchen with ready-made and throw-together meals. Make sure that everything you’ll need in the kitchen is on a shoulder-height shelf, as you won’t be able to reach or bend after the spinal fusion procedure. 
    5. Gather any equipment that you may need, such as a cane, toilet seat riser, and reacher tool. 
    6. Ask friends and family members for support. You’ll need a ride home from the hospital after the procedure, and it may be helpful to have a loved one stay with you for assistance during the first few days at home. You can also contact an in-home caregiver to help you during this period.  

    Before and After Spinal Fusion Surgery

    Before and after spinal fusion surgery, prepare your body and home for a successful recovery. 

    Here’s what to expect before spinal fusion:

    • A comprehensive health exam, which may include a blood test, chest X-ray, and/or electrocardiogram (EKG)
    • Questions from the hospital about your current medications, allergies, history of bleeding or reactions to anesthesia, and prior surgeries
    • Instruction to stop eating or drinking after midnight on the night before surgery

    You’ll need to arrive at the hospital around two hours before the procedure. After changing into a surgical gown and storing your personal belongings, you’ll speak with an anesthesiologist about anesthesia’s effects and risks. Then, you’ll be given an IV line with antibiotics to reduce the risk of anesthesia before being transported to the operating room. 

    Before spinal fusion, follow all of the tips listed in the previous section to prepare for the procedure. Additionally, try to adjust your schedule to allow for optimal healing time. You may need to take several weeks off of work and/or work from home, if possible. 

    Here’s what you can expect after spinal fusion:

    • You’ll wake up in the post-anesthesia care unit and may have a sore throat and/or dry mouth from the breathing tube used during surgery. 
    • You’ll be moved to your assigned room, where the hospital staff will assess your pain and provide pain medications
    • The nurses will check your pulse, blood pressure, temperature, breathing, circulation, and incision at intervals. 
    • The nurses will also assist you in sitting up, getting out of bed, and eventually walking. 

    You may be discharged two to four days after the procedure. You’ll need to continue taking prescription medications as directed and follow your surgeon’s aftercare instructions. 

    How Do You Ensure a Successful Spinal Fusion?

    You can ensure a successful spinal fusion by:

    • Following all of your surgeon’s pre-and post-operative instructions
    • Quitting smoking (and using all tobacco products, including e-cigarettes) permanently at least a month before the procedure 
    • Exercising safely before the procedure, as getting in good physical shape will improve your recovery
    • Achieving a healthy weight before spinal fusion, as being overweight places additional strain on the spine
    • Preparing your home before the surgery to make it easier to adhere to restrictions 
    • Walking around as soon as you are able after the procedure (without overdoing it)
    • Attending all physical therapy and rehabilitation appointments after spinal fusion

    How Long After Spinal Fusion Does It Stop Hurting?

    After lumbar spinal fusion, the most severe pain typically abates after four weeks. Following this benchmark, you may still experience pain, but it should gradually diminish with time.

    Patients may continue to feel some degree of pain three to six months after spinal fusion. Physical therapy and healthy lifestyle habits can help you manage this pain as you recover from the procedure. 

    How Can You Make Your Lumbar Spinal Fusion Heal Faster?

    There are a handful of ways to accelerate healing after spinal fusion, including:

    • Following all of your surgeon’s recommendations. After the fusion procedure, your surgeon will offer basic guidance on what to do and what to avoid. Following these instructions carefully will benefit your recovery process. 
    • Keeping a close eye on the incision. Identifying signs of inflammation, irritation, or discoloration as soon as possible will help ensure that any complications are addressed promptly. 
    • Staying mobile after the procedure. While following all of your doctor’s guidance, get up and walk around during your spinal fusion recovery. Doing so will keep blood circulating throughout your body, prevent atrophy, and reduce your risk of blood clots. 
    • Refraining from smoking. As important as it is to quit smoking before spinal fusion, it’s also crucial to avoid smoking throughout your recovery process, as smoking can speed up spinal degeneration. 

    What Foods Are Good For Healing After Spinal Fusion Surgery?

    As mentioned in a prior section, high-fiber, nutrient-dense foods are ideal for patients undergoing spinal fusion. Here are other dietary recommendations to consider after spinal fusion surgery:

    • Pack your diet with lean protein. 

    Protein is essential for healing after surgery. So, pack your diet with plenty of low-fat protein, including poultry, fish, lean meat, eggs, low-fat dairy, and tofu. As a bonus, foods that are high in protein also typically contain high amounts of zinc, which supports your body’s ability to fend off infection. 

    • Pair fiber-rich foods with plenty of water. 

    To prevent constipation after spinal fusion, eat fiber-rich foods including vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. Prunes and prune juice are also helpful, as they act like natural laxatives. Make sure to wash down these foods with plenty of water to support your digestive system during the recovery period. 

    • Consume more calories. 

    After spinal fusion surgery, your metabolism kicks into high gear to accommodate the body’s healing process. To fulfill this heightened demand, you’ll need to consume more calories, ideally through nutritious foods including fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains. 

    Are There Any Permanent Restrictions After Spinal Fusion?

    The spinal fusion procedure permanently fuses the targeted vertebrae of the spine. This process also permanently eliminates all motion at the affected segment. So, patients do experience permanent restrictions on their mobility, such as an inability to twist, bend, and lift heavy objects. 

    In some cases, patients need a reacher tool to retrieve objects from the floor or on high shelves after spinal fusion. With a significant loss of spinal flexibility, patients may lose the ability to participate in some of their favorite physical activities. 

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    Should I Consider Avoiding Spinal Fusion?

    The lost mobility, risk of complications, and lengthy recovery period associated with spinal fusion lead many patients to consider avoiding lumbar spinal fusion altogether. While in past decades this may have been a challenge, there are currently spinal fusion alternatives available to the public. 

    Non-fusion spinal implants like Premia Spine’s TOPS System provide stability after spinal decompression surgery without fusing the vertebrae. This results in a controlled range of motion without the extensive recovery and lost mobility of fusion. 

    Before undergoing fusion, don’t hesitate to contact your spine specialist to discuss every available treatment option for your spinal condition. 

    The Benefits of Avoiding Spinal Fusion and Preserving Spinal Mobility

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    Spinal fusion is widely used to treat conditions like spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. It stabilizes the spine to prevent pain and further injury. Unfortunately, fusion also comes with several downsides, including lost spinal mobility, adjacent vertebral degeneration, and the risk of recurring symptoms. 

    Thankfully, many people can avoid spinal fusion to preserve spinal mobility and resolve their symptoms. In this article, we’ll explore the benefits of opting for spinal fusion alternatives, like the TOPS System from Premia Spine.  

    Table of Contents

    How Does Spinal Fusion Affect Mobility?

    Spinal fusion affects mobility by permanently eliminating motion at the fused vertebrae. 

    Without the ability to move at the fused spinal segment, people may not be able to bend, twist, or flex the spine normally after fusion. Some spinal fusion patients need grabber devices to pick items up off the floor. 

    spinal fusion

    Additionally, spinal fusion may inhibit people from partaking in certain physical activities. Contact sports, like football and soccer, and high-impact activities, like running and weightlifting, are widely discouraged after fusion. These activities pose a heightened risk of injury and recurring spinal symptoms for fusion patients. 

    The more vertebrae that are fused during the spinal fusion procedure, the higher the impact on the patient’s mobility. 

    The Risk of Reinjury After Spinal Fusion

    In addition to the risk of lost mobility, spinal fusion can cause reinjury or recurring pain from complications including:

    • Pseudoarthrosis occurs when the vertebrae don’t fuse properly after spinal fusion surgery. Also known as failed spinal fusion, this complication can cause persistent back pain, lost mobility, and burning, tingling, or numbness in the extremities. 
    • Nerve injury is a possible complication of any surgical procedure that involves the spinal nerve area. Nerve damage can trigger neurological symptoms after spinal fusion, such as numbness, weakness, and tingling. Permanent nerve damage after spinal fusion is rare. 
    • Adjacent segment degeneration is a spinal fusion complication that develops when the vertebrae surrounding the fused area degenerate faster than usual. It occurs because the adjacent segments compensate for the lack of motion at the fused vertebrae and bear extra impact as a result. 

    How to Regain Flexibility After Spinal Fusion

    You can regain flexibility after spinal fusion with gentle, targeted stretches and remaining active. 

    Regaining and retaining flexibility is crucial after spinal fusion to prevent lost mobility and pain. A physical therapist can provide stretches that align with your stage of recovery. Some of the most widely recommended stretches for spinal fusion recovery include:

    • Seated hamstring stretch: Stretching the hamstrings after spinal fusion can help prevent nerve scarring and adhesions. Sit on the edge of a chair and straighten one leg in front of you with your toes pointed toward the ceiling. Push your stomach forward, keeping your chest high until you feel a gentle stretch.   
    • Quad flexion stretch: To stretch the quad muscle, lie on your stomach and bring one heel toward your buttock until you feel a gentle stretch. Remain in this stretch for around 30 seconds. 
    • Nerve stretch: Lie on your back with your legs on the ground. Slows raise one leg until you feel a gentle stretch in the back of the thigh and hip. Support your leg with your hands behind your knee, gently pumping your ankle. 

    Along with gentle stretching, remaining active while following your surgeon’s post-op instructions can help you regain flexibility after spinal fusion. Low-impact physical activity promotes blood flow throughout your body, which can help prevent muscle tension and improve your range of motion. 

    When Spinal Fusion Surgery Can Be Avoided With Conditions of Lumbar Spine

    Spinal fusion surgery can be avoided with conditions of the lumbar spine if the patient:

    • Responds to conservative treatments
    • Is a good candidate for minimally invasive spinal fusion alternatives, like the TOPS System

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    Avoiding Spinal Fusion with Conservative Treatments

    Conservative treatments that can resolve lumbar spine conditions include:

    • Physical therapy: Physical therapy may help treat mild to moderate cases of spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis with targeted exercises, stretches, and alternative therapies. The goal of physical therapy is to alleviate pain, lessen inflammation, and reduce the impact on the spine. 
    • Chiropractic care: Chiropractors optimize spinal alignment through manual adjustments and non-surgical spinal decompression to treat back pain and spinal nerve impingement. 
    • Pain medications: Though not a permanent solution for lumbar spine conditions, pain medications can help with symptom management. In combination with physical therapy, pain medications may help patients avoid surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. 

    Alternatives to Spinal Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Spondylolisthesis Treatment

    Alternatives to spinal fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis treatment include regenerative therapies, IDET, and dynamic stabilization systems. 

    • Regenerative therapies: Regenerative therapies are a relatively new but promising treatment option for spinal pain and neurological symptoms from conditions like osteoarthritis. These therapies, like stem cell therapy and platelet-rich plasma, stimulate the body’s healing process to regenerative damaged tissue.
      • The body uses stem cells to generate cells with specialized functions. During stem cell therapy, a physician injects stem cells (either from another area of the patient’s body or a donor) into the affected area. The stem cells may then gradually regenerate the injured tissue to alleviate pain and neurological symptoms. 
    • IDET (intradiscal electrothermal coagulation): IDET is a procedure that may be used as a lumbar spinal fusion alternative. It’s a non-surgical treatment that involves inserting a needle into the lumbar disc space. The practitioner then passes a catheter through the needle and gently heats the disc exterior, causing the collagen fibers to thicken. This process can help with symptoms of a damaged spinal disc from spinal stenosis or spondylolisthesis. 
    • Dynamic stabilization systems: Dynamic stabilization systems are a spinal fusion alternative. While they still involve surgery, they stabilize the spine without permanently fusing the vertebrae. Instead, dynamic stabilization systems are implanted into the spine to create a controlled range of motion. 

    Dynamic Stabilization System for Spinal Stenosis and Spondylolisthesis: The TOPS System   

    The TOPS System is a dynamic stabilization system that earned an FDA claim for superiority to lumbar fusion. It can be used to avoid the risks and complications of spinal fusion for spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis of the L2 to L5 vertebrae. 

    TOPS is a mechanical implant device that replaces the soft and bony tissues extracted during spinal decompression. It restores a controlled range of motion to prevent instability but allows the spine to move in all directions. This prevents lost spinal mobility, allowing patients to return to physical activity much faster than after fusion. 

    The TOPS procedure can alleviate chronic lower back pain, numbness, sciatica, and other common symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. As an alternative to spinal fusion, it provides the following benefits:

    • Restored range of motion: With the TOPS System, you can safely move the spine in all directions. 
    • No risk of adjacent segment disease: Unlike fusion, the TOPS System allows the vertebrae to bear impact evenly, reducing the risk of adjacent segment disease. 
    • Faster return to physical activity: The TOPS System recovery period is quicker, less painful, and involves fewer restrictions than that of spinal fusion. 

    To learn more about the benefits of the TOPS System as an alternative to spinal fusion, find a physician in your area today. 

    Symptoms of Loose Screws After Spinal Fusion

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    In spinal fusion and other spinal procedures, hardware is essential for stability. Pedicle screws are commonly used to secure the vertebrae and encourage healing. Unfortunately, screw loosening is a prevalent complication of spinal fusion, occurring in up to 60% of patients.  

    Read on to learn more about loose screws after spinal fusion and how to reduce your risk of back surgery complications. 

    Table of Contents

    How Are Screws Used in Spinal Fusion?

    Pedicle screws are often used in spinal fusion to support and stabilize the vertebrae as they heal. Typically, the screws are positioned above and below the fused vertebrae, and a rod links the screws to prevent motion. This helps the vertebrae and bone graft fuse properly. 

    These screws are called pedicle screws because they’re secured through the pedicles at the back of the vertebrae. The pedicles are cylindrical stubs of hard bone that bridge the vertebral body to the lamina. 

    What Causes Loose Screws?

    Poor bone quality most often causes loose screws after surgery. When the bone tissue isn’t strong and dense enough to support surgical hardware, the screws may gradually loosen and trigger symptoms of failed back surgery syndrome. 

    Osteoporosis is a common cause of diminished bone quality and can contribute to loose screws after surgery. This bone disease occurs when bone mass and mineral density dwindles, leading to weaker, thinner bones.  

    What Causes Screws to Loosen After Spinal Fusion?

    The possible causes of screws loosening after spinal fusion include poor bone quality, poor healing, improper screw fixation, and excessive impact on the screws. 

    Excessive Impact on Pedicle Screws

    Excess impact on the screws after spinal fusion can result from high-impact physical activity, poor posture, and a sedentary lifestyle. Patients who frequently partake in high-impact activities (like heavy lifting) or activities that involve intensely bending or twisting the spine may experience fusion hardware failure as a result. Your surgeon will advise you on the activities to avoid after the fusion procedure. 

    Poor Healing 

    Poor healing or failed fusion can cause the pedicle screws and other hardware to loosen. Failed fusion occurs when the bone graft doesn’t successfully merge the vertebrae into a single bone. 

    Certain factors can increase your risk of pedicle screw loosening after spinal fusion, including:

    • Diabetes: Pedicle screw loosening is more common in patients with diabetes
    • Older age: The older a patient is, the higher the risk of pedicle screw loosening. 
    • Low bone density: Patients with low bone density (whether due to fracture, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or other medical conditions) are at an increased risk of loosening screws after spinal fusion. 

    Screws can also simply loosen after spinal fusion with time. Over the years, the screws undergo normal wear and tear, which can lead to loosening or damage. Older patients may pass naturally before experiencing the effects of wear and tear on the screws, but younger patients will likely develop symptoms at some point. 

    What Happens When Spinal Fusion Screws Loosen?

    When spinal fusion screws loosen, they can irritate the neighboring nerves and tissue. This can cause pain, neurological symptoms, and crepitus (a grating noise or sensation). 

    New or recurrent back pain after spinal fusion as a result of pedicle screw loosening can indicate failed spinal fusion (also known as failed back surgery syndrome). Many patients who develop this syndrome after undergoing spinal fusion require re-operation for pain management. 

    Symptoms of failed spinal fusion include:

    • Limited spinal mobility
    • Spasms in the back
    • Insomnia
    • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the extremities
    • Persistent back pain

    Can Failed Spinal Fusion Be Fixed?

    Failed spinal fusion can often be fixed with revision surgery. Before the operation, your spinal surgeon can evaluate what went wrong and consider other surgical methods to address your symptoms, including alternatives to spinal fusion.  

    Patients who don’t want to undergo another surgery, or who can’t due to an underlying medical condition, can try non-surgical treatment methods. Epidural steroid injections, physical therapy, and radiofrequency ablation, among other techniques, are non-surgical options for failed spinal fusion. 

    Spinal Fusion Alternatives

    Spinal fusion alternatives include dynamic stabilization systems, IDET, and stem cell therapy. These advanced treatments promote healing without limiting the motion of the spine. 

    Stem Cell Therapy

    Stem cell therapy is rapidly gaining traction as a non-surgical treatment option for musculoskeletal conditions. With the potential to regenerate damaged tissue, stem cell therapy may offer benefits for degenerative spinal conditions. 

    During stem cell therapy, stem cells derived from the patient’s blood or a donor are administered directly into the damaged area via injection. Stem cells have the unique ability to self-renew and develop into just about any specialized cell. As a result, stem cells can gradually repair injured tissue in the spine, leading to lasting pain relief in some patients. 

    Given that stem cell therapy for back pain is a relatively new treatment option, research is still in its early stages. Not all patients have access to an experienced stem cell specialist in their area. However, the initial experiences with rats have produced positive results, indicating that stem cells may help heal damaged intervertebral discs. 

    Intradiscal Electrothermal Coagulation (IDET)

    IDET involves inserting a needle into the affected disc area. The physician then threads a catheter through the needle and applies gentle heat to the exterior of the intervertebral disc. This process helps strengthen and thicken the collagen fibers in the disc exterior, potentially offering relief from chronic back pain. 

    Dynamic Stabilization Systems

    Dynamic stabilization systems can replace spinal fusion after spinal decompression surgery. This type of surgical implant stabilizes the spine without permanently limiting its motion. One dynamic stabilization system is the TOPS System for the L3 to L5 vertebrae.

    Regain your mobility with Premia Spine! Contact us now

    The TOPS System offers immediate pain relief with the ability to move the spine in all directions. It also reduces the stress on adjacent spinal levels when compared to spinal fusion. As an alternative to lumbar spinal fusion for spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis, the TOPS System provides motion preservation, ideal decompression, and stability. 

    Spinal fusion alternatives like the TOPS System may help you avoid re-operation after back surgery. Schedule an appointment with a spine specialist in your area to learn more. 

    What Is a Spinal Fusion?

    by User_01 Sortino Marketing

    Back pain from degenerative spinal conditions can be debilitating and disruptive to your normal activities. In some patients, back pain causes their quality of life to decline, making effective treatment options all the more crucial.

    If you’ve been suffering from chronic back pain for several months, surgery may be on the table. Spinal fusion is one form of back surgery that’s commonly used for disorders like spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and herniated disc. It’s widely performed with spinal decompression procedures to restore stability in the spine. 

    In some patients, spinal fusion alleviates their back pain and allows them to live a happier, more comfortable life. However, as an invasive surgical procedure, spinal fusion is associated with various risks and complications. In this article, we’ll provide a complete overview of spinal fusion and discuss modern fusion alternatives that back pain patients can now consider. 

    Table of Contents

    Am I a Candidate For Spinal Fusion?

    You may be a candidate for spinal fusion if you have chronic, severe back pain that hasn’t responded to several months of non-surgical treatment. Additionally, candidates for spinal fusion often have limited mobility due to back pain and neurological symptoms.

    Candidates for spinal fusion may have one of the following spinal conditions:

    • Spinal fusion
    • Spondylolisthesis
    • Degenerative disc disease
    • Herniated disc
    • Vertebral fracture
    • Scoliosis
    • Spinal tumor

    Some patients are not considered candidates for spinal fusion due to a severe, underlying medical condition, or an infection. Additionally, patients with a disease that impacts multiple spinal levels may be advised against spinal fusion surgery due to the higher risk of lost mobility. 

    What Are The Steps of Spinal Fusion?

    The steps of spinal fusion include accessing the spine through an incision, preparing the bone graft, securing the bone graft between the vertebrae, and closing the incision. These general steps can vary depending on the surgical approach.

    Additionally, keep in mind that spinal decompression surgery, such as laminectomy, is often performed immediately before the fusion.  

    Surgical Approaches to Spinal Fusion

    The primary approaches to spinal fusions that surgeons use today include:

    • PLIF, or posterior lumbar interbody fusion
    • ALIF, or anterior lumbar interbody fusion
    • TLIF, or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
    • XLIF, or extreme lateral interbody fusion

    The Steps of PLIF

    PLIF involves accessing the spine posteriorly, or through the back. During this procedure, the surgeon will complete the following steps:

    1. First, the surgeon creates an incision in the back over the vertebrae to be fused. The back muscles must be moved aside to expose the spine.
    2. If applicable, spinal decompression is performed at this stage. This often involves removing part of the lamina, which covers the back of the vertebra.
    3. Once the decompression has been completed, damaged disc tissue is removed. The bone graft is placed in the disc space between the affected vertebrae. The graft is usually held in place with an implant, such as a spinal cage or interbody spacer.
    4. The back muscles are returned to their normal positions and the incision is closed. 

    The Steps of ALIF

    ALIF uses an anterior, or frontal, approach with the following steps:

    1. To start, the surgeon creates an incision in the lower portion of the abdomen and moves aside fat and muscle tissue to access the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a sack that contains the abdominal organs. 
    2. Once the surgeon gains access to the peritoneum, they move it to the side to reach the spine without going through the abdomen. Large blood vessels are located over the front of the spine and must also be moved aside to perform the fusion. 
    3. Decompression surgery may be performed at this stage. 
    4. After removing the disc material, the surgeon positions the bone graft in the disc space with the help of an implant. 

    The Steps of TLIF

    Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is completed through the foramina, which are the bony openings located between adjacent vertebrae. This approach to spinal fusion may be suggested if the patient has spinal degeneration that’s mainly on one side of the spine. 

    1. For TLIF, the surgeon creates an incision along the spine, directly above the affected vertebra. Similar to PLIF, the surgeon must move the back muscles aside to reach the spine. 
    2. The surgeon can now access the disc space by drilling from one side of the spine, then extracting the lamina and/or facet joint. 
    3. At this point, the damaged intervertebral disc material is removed and the bone graft is positioned in its place, secured by a fusion implant. 
    4. The back muscles are repositioned and the incision is closed with sutures. 

    The Steps of XLIF

    XLIF is a minimally-invasive approach to spinal fusion. This is a relatively new surgical method that eliminates the need to create an incision in the abdomen or cut the large muscles of the back. 

    1. First, the surgeon makes an incision in the flank, which is the lower back area of the abdomen. The peritoneum must then be moved away from the abdominal wall. 
    2. Next, a dilator is placed into the peritoneum and moved toward the affected disc. The surgeon takes fluoroscopy images to confirm that the dilator is in the optimal position. 
    3. To prevent nerve interference, a probe is placed through the psoas. 
    4. At this stage, the surgeon removes the damaged disc and puts bone graft material in its place, through the incision in the flank. 
    5. The peritoneum is returned to its usual position and the incision is closed with sutures.

    How Long Does Spinal Fusion Take?

    Spinal fusion surgery takes between four and seven hours, in most cases. The more complex the procedure, the longer the surgery will take to complete. 

    After fusion surgery, you can expect to stay in the hospital for two to seven days. If you undergo a minimally-invasive form of the procedure, you’ll likely be released from the hospital sooner. During your hospital stay, you may be given prescription pain medication through an IV to manage discomfort from the procedure. Additionally, if you have pain around the incision, you may be given a soft brace. 

    While you’re in the hospital, you’ll probably start to work with a physical therapist to complete basic activities, including sitting up in bed, standing up, walking without bending the spine, and getting dressed. Your therapist can also advise you on how to safely care for your incision. 

    What is The Average Recovery Time for a Spinal Fusion?

    The average recovery time for a spinal fusion is six months to a year. This is the amount of time required for the spine to heal completely. 

    Spinal Fusion Recovery

    Spinal fusion recovery is a relatively long process involving several stages. Your surgeon will help guide you through these stages, advising you on the activities that you can resume – and those that you should continue to avoid. 

    Here’s a general timeline of the spinal fusion recovery process:

    1 to 4 Weeks

    During this phase of your recovery, your activities will be relatively limited. You may still need help to complete light housework, and you’ll likely still need medication for pain management.

    However, if you have a sedentary job, you may be able to return to work within a few weeks of the procedure. You’ll need to avoid bending or twisting the spine, lifting anything other than light objects, and driving. 

    1 to 3 Months

    One to three months after spinal fusion, you’ll start to complete basic chores around the house. Your doctor may also clear you to drive during this stage. However, you still won’t be able to bend, twist, or lift heavy objects. 

    During this phase, you’ll be attending physical therapy to ensure that the spine heals properly. A physical therapist will help you regain strength and mobility without jeopardizing the fusion process. 

    3 to 6 Months

    During this stage of spinal fusion recovery, you can gradually return to cardiovascular exercise and stretching. While you won’t be able to bend the spine or lift heavy objects, your activities won’t be as restricted.  

    6 Months to 1 Year

    During this period, your surgeon can determine if the fusion was successful. If the vertebrae fused properly and the spine appears healthy, you can return to most of your usual activities, including bending and twisting the spine. Keep in mind that some mobility is lost to the fusion process, so your spinal mobility will still be somewhat limited. 

    Beyond the 1-year mark, your vertebrae may continue to heal, along with any damaged nerves. In some cases, spinal nerve damage takes two years to heal completely. However, most patients are virtually pain-free after a year of recovering from spinal fusion. 

    What Are The Risks and Complications of Spinal Fusion?

    The risks and complications of spinal fusion include limited mobility, pseudoarthrosis, adjacent segment disease, recurrent pain, and muscle atrophy. These risks are in addition to those of all surgical procedures, such as infection, blood clots, and adverse reactions to anesthesia. 

    Limited Mobility

    Limited mobility can occur after spinal fusion due to lost mobility at the fused segment. Once the vertebrae have fused into a single bone, the patient loses the ability to bend or twist at that segment. In some cases, patients require a reacher tool to retrieve items on the floor after spinal fusion. 

    Lost mobility is particularly common after multi-level fusions. However, even for patients undergoing a single-level fusion, it’s crucial to talk to your surgeon about how lost spinal mobility could impact your lifestyle. 

    Pseudoarthrosis

    Pseudoarthrosis, or failed fusion, occurs when the vertebrae fail to fuse after the surgery. Unfortunately, pseudoarthrosis continues to be a risk with modern fusion methods. This complication typically creates the need for additional surgery. 

    According to a clinical review published in 2022, rates of pseudoarthrosis range greatly from 0% to 20% to greater than 60%, depending on which study you reference. A 2015 study noted that at least 15% of patients who undergo primary lumbar fusion experience pseudoarthrosis. 

    While the exact rate of pseudoarthrosis is unclear, it’s a distinct risk, particularly for patients who smoke, use steroids or have diabetes.  

    Adjacent Segment Disease

    Adjacent segment disease, or ASD, is a possible complication of spinal fusion. It develops when the spinal segments above and below the fused segment degenerate more rapidly than usual. This occurs because the adjacent segments must compensate for the lost motion at the fused segment.  

    As the adjacent segments start to degenerate, patients may experience back pain and/or neurological symptoms, such as tingling, weakness, and numbness. Eventually, some patients with ASD require reoperation to resolve their symptoms. 

    ASD is estimated to impact 11 to 12% of patients 5 years postoperatively and 16 to 38% at the 10-year mark. 

    Recurrent Pain

    In some cases, spinal fusion surgery doesn’t resolve the patient’s back pain. This may occur in up to 40% of patients. 

    Muscle Atrophy

    Muscle atrophy is the term used for muscle tissue that thins out or wastes away. Since spinal fusion limits how much patients can use their back muscles, it can lead to muscle atrophy. When the muscle tissue around the spine atrophies, it reduces support for the spine and increases the risk of future injury. 

    Surgical Risks

    All surgical procedures come with certain risks, including:

    • Hemorrhage
    • Shock
    • Deep vein thrombosis
    • Pulmonary embolism
    • Infection
    • Allergic reactions to anesthesia

    Alternative to Lumbar Spinal Fusion

    Given the risks and complications of spinal fusion, many patients look for alternative treatment options. Thankfully, the latest advancements in medical technology have paved the way for fusion alternatives, including the TOPS System.

    Regain your mobility with Premia Spine! Contact us now

    The TOPS System is a non-fusion implant that stabilizes the spine without permanently fusing the vertebrae or compromising the patient’s range of motion. It moves with the spine, preventing lost mobility, adjacent segment disease, and related complications. 

    Talk to a spine specialist in your area to learn more about alternatives to fusion for chronic spinal conditions.